Source: ICDS
Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine has marked the first international conflict in which artificial intelligence (AI) has been actively deployed by both sides for military purposes. Ukraine has utilized AI solutions for operations involving drones, geospatial intelligence, military training, and cyber warfare, which have contributed significantly to its defense efforts.

Since 2019, Ukraine’s Ministry of Digital Transformation has been focused on integrating AI into various sectors. In 2021, it released a strategy for integrating AI into the military-industrial complex. International companies such as Google and Grammarly have set up research and development (R&D) offices in Ukraine, recognizing its potential in AI development, though collaboration with state-owned defense firms has been hampered by bureaucracy and corruption.

Volunteer organizations and private enterprises have also played a pivotal role in developing AI tools for military purposes. These organizations have pioneered the use of first-person-view (FPV) drones and AI-powered equipment on the battlefield. Some of the most successful AI applications include systems like Kropyva and GIS Arta, which have improved artillery targeting and situational awareness.

AI has been used to streamline logistics, enhance cybersecurity, and detect disinformation, including deepfakes. Autonomous systems, such as drones and uninhabited vehicles, are supported by AI to carry out reconnaissance, deliver supplies, and evacuate casualties. Additionally, AI tools are being used to consolidate data for mine detection and neutralization.

Although Ukraine has made significant strides in developing AI for defense, challenges remain, including coordination issues in its decentralized defense sector. To keep pace with Russia’s own AI advancements, Ukraine needs to invest heavily and attract skilled personnel. There is also a need for a robust legal framework to govern the use and protection of data in times of war.

Overall, Ukraine’s experience with AI in defense may shape future discussions on the role of AI in warfare and influence global military planning, especially for NATO countries.